Special Olympics
Special Olympics is an non-profit organization offering individuals with intellectual disabilities the opportunity to become physically fit, productive and respected members of society through sports training and competition. The organization works very hard to encourage society to view those with disabilities in a positive manner. The organization began in 1968 to promote self-confidence and physical fitness in persons with disabilities.
The idea for the Special Olympics program emerged in 1962. Eunice Kennedy Shriver started a summer day camp for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. She wanted to explore their capabilities in a variety of sports and physical activities.
In 1968 the Chicago Park District and the Kennedy Foundation held the first Special Olympics competition. The event was held in Chicago at Soldier Field. One thousand athletes with intellectual disabilities competed for the gold medal.
The program is on an international level. It currently has over two million participants. Special Olympics holds summer and winter ceremonies similar to the regular Olympics. However Special Olympics are held every two years while regular Olympics take place every four years. For each Special Olympic ceremony a different location in the world is chosen to be the host. The next Special Olympics ceremony will take place in 2007. China has the honor of hosting the event.
Competitions are designed by grouping individuals to compete against others who have the same abilities. This allows the competitions to be fair, fun, and competitive for everyone. The competitions are for the same medals as they give out for the regular Olympics. A gold medal goes to the first place winner, a silver medal for second place, and a bronze medal for third place.
One of the goals of the Special Olympics is to encourage capable athletes to move from Special Olympics training and competition into school and community programs where they can compete in regular sports activities. The decision to leave or to continue involvement in Special Olympics is the athlete’s choice.
The Special Olympics program encourages community involvement for the program. Special Olympics activities are operated by local volunteers. Such volunteers include school age children, college students, community members, churches, and senior citizens. The goal is to create an opportunity for public understanding of intellectual disabilities.
